Critical analysis on A good man is hard to find Essay

Religious Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† This paper will present a rhetorical context for the use of violence in the short story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† as she presented in her essay â€Å"The Element of Suspense.† The form of classical tragedy in this story will also be analyzed from the critical theories of Aristotle and Longinus. Tolstoy will be used to examine the use Christian symbolism. Nietzsche will provide a more well-rounded universal conclusion to the uses of tragedy and spiritual elements in this classic story. Flannery O’Connor gave a talk about â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† in 1963 at Hollins College, Virginia, which was published as the essay, â€Å"The Element of Suspense In ‘A Good Man Is Hard to Find.’† In this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Writing Short Stories,† an essay summarizing O’Connor’s concepts of the elements of good fiction, was a lecture she gave to a group of creative writing students in 1961. She stated that â€Å"In good fiction, certain of the details will tend to accumulate meaning from the action of the story itself, and when this happens they become symbolic in the way they work† (quot;Writingquot; 807). The use of symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† created a story which seemed to follow a classic model for tragedy. O’Connor explained â€Å"I do think, though, that like the Greeks you should know what is going to happen in the story so that any element of suspense in it will be transferred from its surface to the interior† (quot;Suspensequot; 802). She created a â€Å"cathartic experience† for the purpose of eliciting â€Å"a degree of pity and terror† from the audience, â€Å"even though its way of being serious is a comic one† (quot;Suspensequot; 802). Elements of foreshadowing, contrived circumstances, and catharsis in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† followed the classic model of Greek tragedy. The use of foreshadowing conformed to Aristotle’s concept of magnitude. He believed that â€Å"beauty is determined by magnitude and order† (Aristotle 47). The epigraph at the beginning of the story described travelers who must â€Å"pass by the dragon† on their journey to the â€Å"Father of Souls† (quot;Good Manquot; 593). The epigraph set the stage for the family’s trip and their encounter with danger. TheShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of A Good Man Is Hard To Find1781 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween how O Connor is often read and how she claimed she should be read cannot simply be explained by her theology of grace or by the lack of religious feeling among readers. Critical opinion over the years has tended to line up behind O Connor s own explanations; however, O Connor s analysis of A Good Man Is Hard to Find still seems baffling and occasionally a critic has questioned the theology of the fiction. Andre Bleikasten, focusing on O Connor s novels, claimed that the truth of O ConnorRead MoreCritical Analysis on A Good Man Is Hard to Find2403 Words   |  10 PagesReligious Symbolism in A Good Man Is Hard To Find This paper will present a rhetorical context for the use of violence in the short story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, as she presented in her essay The Element of Suspense. The form of classical tragedy in this story will also be analyzed from the critical theories of Aristotle and Longinus. Tolstoy will be used to examine the use Christian symbolism. Nietzsche will provide a more well-rounded universal conclusion to the uses of tragedy andRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Good Man Is Hard To Find By Flannery OConnor1573 Words   |  7 PagesFlannery O Connor was often shocked to find how people interpreted her stories. Some readers of A Good Man is Hard to Find believed the grandmother was evil, even a witch. Soon O Connor set out, quite explicitly, in letters and lectures to detail the theology of the story and the importance of the grandmother as an agent of grace. In a letter to John Hawkes, she explained how violence and grace come together: More than in the Devil I am interested in the indication of Grace, the moment when youRead More Flannery OConnor: A Twentieth Century Fiction Writer Essay829 Words   |  4 Pages There has been a significant amount critical analysis written about Flannery OConnors short stories and novels. There is a significant amount critical analysis about Flannery OConnor because she used so many styles that have not been used before. Flannery OConnor ranks among he most important American fiction writers of the twentieth century. Flannery OConnor was born in 1925 in Savannah, Georgia, and lived there until her family moved in 1938. OConnor and her family moved to a small GeorgiaRead MoreAnalysis of Characters, Conflict, and Symbolism in ‚Äà ºa Good Man Is Hard to Find‚Äà ¹771 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Characters, Conflict, and Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is hard to Find† The story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a fascinating story about a family traveling to Florida for a family vacation. The story’s main characters are the grandmother, the mother and a baby, the father Bailey, and the two children June Star and John Wesley. On this trip the family has a run in with the other characters The Misfit, Bobby Lee, and Hiram who are escaped convicts headed towards Florida. O’Connor usesRead MoreDeep Rooted Work On A Hard Man1427 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Deep Rooted Work on a Hard Man Flannery O’Connor was born March 25, 1925, in Savanah, Georgia. She went to what is, now Iowa University and majored in literature. She’s primarily known for her short stories but was a novelist. Flannery O’Connor passed away in 1964 after losing a battle with lupus. The piece of writing that I will be discussing is titled: â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† she wrote this work in 1953 along with several other short stories (Biography.com Editors)Read MoreAnalysis Of O Connor s A Good Man 869 Words   |  4 Pages My first reaction to â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to find† was that of sadness and I felt that it was tragic of what happened to the family in the story. I felt really bad for the grandma because no one seemed to be pleased with her or listen to her. I felt like the son was almost tired of dealing with his own mom, or that is the feeling I got from his reactions to her. Even the children did not seem to respect the old lady. Oâ €™Connor’s story was very descriptive. Throughout the whole story there wereRead MoreForegrounding of Feminism in A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesForegrounding of Feminism in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, shows a family trip to Florida which end to an unexpected death at the end of the story. In the progression of this story, O’Connor has presented women as naà ¯ve with graceful images. Women are presented as the weaker sex while men are given more importance and powerful roles. In this regard this story can be viewed as feministic point of view. Feminism is self-awarenessRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard to Find OConner Essay example1745 Words   |  7 PagesOConners Analysis: A Good Man is Hard To Find A Displaced Person Through her assortment of unpalatable characters and violent actions, OConnor tries to show grace at work in the world. According to her beliefs Christ, the Incarnate Son of God, has shown that God so loved the world that He became man Himself. Yet this God is not accepted by men, so they have to be shocked into a recognition of their need for Him and the salvation He offers. (MAYER, 1976) In this analysis I will explainRead MoreA good man is hard to find analysis819 Words   |  4 Pages3/4/12 â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Analysis EN 102 In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† the author, Flannery O’Connor communicates literary symbols and prominence of Southern culture. Within the story, there are subtle yet important details that make the entirety of the piece as iconic as it is. The reoccurring theme of being a lady and moral codes both are important to the overall concept of the story. The unnamed grandmother in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† considers

The Bielski Brothers in Belarus A Story of Survival,...

â€Å"The Bielski Brothers† is a story of three amazing brothers, their journey of survival and experience they faced in World War II. Peter Duffy places this extraordinary story of survival in context by describing the Bielskis lives and experiences , quoting from Tuvia Bielskis previously unknown journal, and revealing the sociopolitical history, including the anti-Semitism of Belarus, a region the Bielski Brother’s had grown up in. WWII was one of the most unforgettable events in history, an event that has changed the world drastically, and an event that inspired the Bielski Brothers to act upon and try to make a difference in their Jewish community, a change that could have cost their lives. It’s the true story of three men who defied†¦show more content†¦(Bielski Brothers)The book states and lets us know that a strict quota system limited the entry of most Jews into Polish universities, craftsmen were forced to pass a discriminatory Polish  œlanguage test. Just as in Botwinick she mentions â€Å"that the advocates claimed that Jews are forever aliens who cannot share the national ethos; differences prevented Jews from assimilating with the superior cultures of the host countries (Bowinick).Anti-Semitism in Germany was introduced by Wilhelm Marr, the hatred of Jews was at the core of Hitler’s obsession, the claim that Jews were the bearers of a genetic flaw enabled the Nazis to rationalize their nearly successful genocide. Duff also brings up the subject of Zionism in his book; a movement that increasingly influenced the Jewish advocates â€Å"the new government’s tolerance of Jewish expression was a boon to Zionism, the increasingly influential movement that advocated Jewish return to the Land of Israel† (Bielski Brothers). Zionism was very important in the Jewish culture it was a struggle to create a national homeland for the Jews. Political Zionism, which is the organized effort to bring about national Jewish state, evolved from the confluence of several historic streams. It was always important for the Jewish community to be recognized and that recognition dates all the ways back to the 1920’s. Jewish people have struggled enormously to receive their own piece of land, which in the end

Socio-Cultural Dimension at Workplace

Question: Discuss about theSocio-Cultural Dimension at Workplace. Answer: Introduction With increasing population and modern outlook of people, the society is facing numerous dilemma and issues related to several social and political aspects. As commented by Bowler et al. (2012), these issues are handled ethically through autonomy, distributive justice and responsibility. It is the responsibility of society to conserve the environment properly after its massive usage due to industrialization and modernization. As the organizations are utilizing the maximum benefit of the renewable and non-renewable sources of energy, it is their responsibility to make the best use of it and conserve it for future use. According to Chapin et al. (2013), conservation of environment refers to protection of land, water, soil and forests in an integrated and planned way. A framework is needed to be developed for addressing landscape, global dimensions as well as eco-system for the present and future benefit of the environment. There are several aspects of socio-political issues such as cons ervation of the environment, reformation of guns and same-sex marriage. In this context, ethical approach and discussions will be done on basis of organizations approach and advancement towards environmental conservation across the globe. In this contemporary society, one of the major socio-political issues that have recently arisen is the extent of environmental conservation approaches taken by several organizations operating across the world. As opined by Finger Princen (2013), protection of environment is a practice of safeguarding and protecting natural environment, its wildlife and humans along with maintaining an ecological balance in this bio-diverse environment. With the rising population, the level of food consumption and usage of non-renewable and renewable resources are increasing. Moreover, technological advancement and industrializing are also increasing rapidly to cater the rising demand for food and basic necessities of people. Hence, industrial countries are engaging in several environmental agreements for keeping balance between ecology and their usage. Chasek, Downie Brown (2013) had an opinion that several practices are involved that ensure development of policies for sustainable usage and conserv ation of land. It also ensures strengthening of several institutions as well as coordinating mechanisms to encourage environmental conservation to the maximum extent. Strong environmental conservation laws need to be set up and make all the international, national and state organizations to strictly adhere to its policies, rules and regulations. These laws also extend their regulations against soil, water or air pollution and even to global warming and depletion of non-renewable resources (Conca Dabelko, 2014). Ghai Vivian, (2014) suggested that it is our Earth and hence we should ensure its protection and safety. Since, we are utilizing the maximum resources of the Earth for meeting our own demands, respect should be given to nature along with conservation of the same. As per environmental laws, several methods are to be adopted that helps in strong conservation of environment. One of the methods of conservation of environment is adoption of green practices to reduce carbon footprint. In this method, organizations adopt environmental conscious operations and practices in the workflow that reduces global warming and take a strong step towards sustainability. It can be done through less printing that leads to less paper usage. O'riordan (2014) had a proposal that organizations need to go digital to prevent paper wastage in the workplace. Moreover, when the electrical equipment are not in usage, it is the responsibility of all the human beings irrespective of workplace or home, should unplug the appliances to conserve energy. Along with this, organizations should emphasize on recycling process where waste materials are recycled and given a new shape and form for future usage. It, therefore, makes the maximum utilization of waste materials and hence reduces the wastage of it. Even more, the organizations can also build green offices from recycled and renewable materials and use certain sustainable fabrics like bamboo or hemp for its window making and floor-up (Mannion, 2014). These ethical approaches embraced by the organizations will definitely help in conservation of environment. As mentioned by Sullivan (2013), another method of conservation of environment is tough embracing as well as promoting alternative and renewable sources of energy. It will definitely help in sustainable living as well as conservation of non-renewable resources. Solar, wind and tidal energies are the renewable sources that can be used to the maximum extent in generating electricity for all purpose activities at home or in industries. It is subsequently better than utilization of fossil fuels, which is a non-renewable energy and once depleted cannot be replenished. This ethical and moralistic behavior of the organizations towards conservation of resources is another justified way of social changes. Susskind Ali (2014) commented that it is the responsibility of all the industries across the world to protect every single element of the environment. The organizations should involve in CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities to ensure more plantation of trees, conservation of soi l erosion and low level of wastage disposal to water bodies. It, therefore, helps in protecting the human and other organizations from excess heating up and ill-effects of global warming. The conservation of soil helps in retaining the nutrients beneath it that leads to production of good quality crops and supply of oxygen to environment (Pearce, 2014). Sutherland et al. (2015) stated that all the organizations should conduct training sessions at workplace for educating the employees in pursuing several practice habits for environmental conservation. With the increase in purchase of vehicles, the fuels like petrol, gasoline and diesel are mostly used. Their combustion produces the emission of harmful gasses like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other greenhouse gasses that pollute air. So, employees are taught that while they go out for any purpose, they should either walk down to the place or take any public transport. It will definitely help them in saving their money and will also add less pollution to environment. According to Tscharntke et al. (2012), people are also taught about less usage of chemicals and artificial pesticides for growing plants. Nowadays, organic growing of plants is more emphasized by the global environmental conservation bureaucratic bodies. It will help in conservation and preservation of soil nutrient s and will make our food products less toxic in nature. In addition to this, there are several other ethical ways of conservation of energy and less input of pollutants into the environment. Van Vliet et al. (2012) also commented if people quit smoking, then it will definitely help in improving their lungs health as well as add low level of air pollution. Moreover, people can adopt a habit of washing clothes after the laundry bag is entirely full. It will reduce less usage of water and will also lead to less utilization of synthetic shops for washing. Plastic bottles and plastic bags should be entirely banned across the world. It is due to the fact that it causes clogging of water as well as prevents oxygen to reach the surface of water bodies leading to death of several equal specifies. It, therefore, misbalances the ecological balance of the world that may lead to serious problems in the Earth. So, Tyberghein et al. (2012) mentioned that ethical steps need to be adopted for conservation of energy. Strict rules and regulations are to be established in several organizations across the world to prevent plastic manufacturing and usage of the same for any purpose. Organizations should be bound to sign up such petitions of environmental conservation as well as promotion of the same. Even more, the organizations should adhere to international rules, standards and regulates pertaining to environmental conservations (Whalley, 2016). Chasek, Downie Brown (2013) stated that the different Environmental Laws and Rules are constituted by the several global environment conservation organizations to make the other industries to adhere to its rules and regulations. The Environmental Protection Act and Rules are laid down to control and treatment of hazardous elements into the environment. These laws also have set standards that to permit emission and discharge of several poisonous environmental pollutants. Moreover, about these laws and ethical standards, organizations are also not liable to throw out any solid wastes into the environment without treating it (Finger Princen, 2013). In this entire essay, one of the socio-political issues like environmental conservation is thoroughly discussed. It explains several harmful impacts of non-conservation of the environment. It is seen that depletion of renewable energy may adversely affect the industrialization and modernization of the societies. Moreover, it is clearly depicted that environmental conservation leads to conservation of soil, water, forests and land. As we are benefited from Mother Earth through these natural resources, it is our duty and responsibility to preserve and conserve it rather than misusing it. Moreover, in this context, several ethical methods of conservation of environment are also discussed. Misuse of electricity, non-usage of plastic materials, encouraging organic growth, embracing alternative methods of energy sources, quitting smoking and making the organization digital are some steps towards preserving environmental resources. Along with this, the CSR activities adopted by the organiza tions also helps in conducting certain campaigns to encourage and people in adopting several ethical and moralistic ways of conversation of the environment. The context also discusses several laws adopted by global environment conserving organizations to make industries and organizations adhere to its rules and principles. References Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Healey, J. R., Jones, J. P., Knight, T. M., Pullin, A. S. (2012). Does community forest management provide global environmental benefits and improve local welfare?.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,10(1), 29-36. Chapin, F. S., Sala, O. E., Huber-Sannwald, E. (Eds.). (2013).Global biodiversity in a changing environment: scenarios for the 21st century(Vol. 152). Springer Science Business Media. Chasek, P. S., Downie, D. L., Brown, J. (2013).Global environmental politics. Westview Press. Conca, K., Dabelko, G. (Eds.). (2014).Green planet blues: Critical perspectives on global environmental politics. Westview Press. Finger, M., Princen, T. (2013).Environmental NGOs in world politics: Linking the local and the global. Routledge. Ghai, D., Vivian, J. M. (2014).Grassroots environmental action: people's participation in sustainable development. Routledge. Mannion, D. A. (2014).Global environmental change: a natural and cultural environmental history. Routledge. O'riordan, T. (2014).Environmental science for environmental management. Routledge. Pearce, D. W. (2014).Blueprint 4: capturing global environmental value. Routledge. Sullivan, S. (2013). Banking nature? The spectacular financialisation of environmental conservation.Antipode,45(1), 198-217. Susskind, L. E., Ali, S. H. (2014).Environmental diplomacy: negotiating more effective global agreements. Oxford University Press. Sutherland, W. J., Clout, M., Depledge, M., Dicks, L. V., Dinsdale, J., Entwistle, A. C., ... Monk, K. A. (2015). A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2015.Trends in ecology evolution,30(1), 17-24. Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Wanger, T. C., Jackson, L., Motzke, I., Perfecto, I., ... Whitbread, A. (2012). Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification.Biological conservation,151(1), 53-59. Tyberghein, L., Verbruggen, H., Pauly, K., Troupin, C., Mineur, F., De Clerck, O. (2012). Bioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling.Global Ecology and Biogeography,21(2), 272-281. Van Vliet, N., Mertz, O., Heinimann, A., Langanke, T., Pascual, U., Schmook, B., ... Castella, J. C. (2012). Trends, drivers and impacts of changes in swidden cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: a global assessment.Global Environmental Change,22(2), 418-429. Whalley, J. W. (2016). Compensation or retaliation: Developed and developing countries and the growing conflict over global environmental conservation.

The Lottery Essays - Dystopian Literature, Films, Human Sacrifice

The Lottery The Lottery: Symbolism Essay submitted by In The Lottery, Shirley Jackson uses symbolism to make us aware of the pointless nature of humanity regarding tradition and violence. The story starts off on a beautiful summer day in a small town. The author describes the day as very euphoric but strikes a contrast between the atmosphere of the town and the atmosphere of the people gathered in the square. The atmosphere is subdued, where the children are gathered around quietly. The black box is the central theme or idea in the story. It symbolizes at first some type of mystery, but as we read the ending we realize that it is synonymous with doom. Someone's fate lies in an inanimate object, the black box. We do not always enjoy change, even if it might prove beneficial to us. The box is symbolic of our loathing of change; it is old and splintered showing that we cling to what is familiar rather than change and it also symbolizes the traditions of the community. No one in the little town questions the origin of the black box, but accept it as an intrical part of their lives. The lottery itself is symbolic of the paradox of the human psyche between compassion on one hand and the thirst for violence and cruelty on the other. An example of this is when the children are enjoying a break from school, playing and being children, and suddenly they are being joined by rational adults in stoning a mother to death. It appears that tradition has blinded these people in an irrational way, making them unable to think of a reason why this possibly should not be happening. When forced with the possibility of death, human nature in all its complexity, comes down to one instinctive urge, that of survival. When Tessie was in no danger she was gossiping with the other ladies and even encouraged her husband to go and pick a piece of paper. When Tessie wins the lottery; she pleads for another chance and screams for mercy. She demands that her daughters take their chances as well, which is indicative of regression toward our basic instinct of survival. The pieces of paper that are lifted away by the breeze is not only symbolic of the ease with which life can be taken but is also symbolic of vast civilizations that were doomed to eventual failure for believing in and acting on tradition and not living according to the word of God. We see that even as Tessie is being stoned to death does she not question the reasoning behind the lottery, but why it should be her that has to die.

Sentence Adverbs

Sentence Adverbs Sentence Adverbs Sentence Adverbs By Maeve Maddox Not all adverbs end in -ly, but many do. Like all adverbs, -ly adverbs are used to add meaning to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. For example: Jones deals honestly with all his customers. (adverb modifying the verb deals) The lecture on adiabatic and isochoric kinetics was mercifully brief. (adverb modifying the adjective brief) The concert is over. You have arrived unfortunately late. (adverb modifying the adverb late) Some -ly adverbs can also be used to modify an entire sentence. For example: Honestly, most television comedies are unbearably vulgar. (adverb modifying entire sentence) Mercifully, the blast was prevented by the swift arrival of the fire brigade. (adverb modifying entire sentence) Fortunately, the ship stayed afloat long enough for all the passengers to be rescued. (adverb modifying entire sentence) In each of these examples, the adverb at the beginning of the sentence is set off by a comma and conveys the attitude of the speaker toward the entire thought being expressed. Generally speaking (as opposed to more precise classifications in linguistics) adverbs used in this way are called â€Å"sentence adverbs.† Here is a list of other adverbs that may be used as sentence adverbs: actually apparently basically briefly certainly clearly conceivably confidentially curiously evidently hopefully ideally incidentally interestingly ironically naturally presumably regrettably seriously surprisingly thankfully truthfully Note: Some last-ditch language sticklers reject the right of hopefully to be included in this list. According to these cranky holdouts, the only meaning for hopefully that â€Å"careful writers† should recognize is â€Å"with hope,† as in â€Å"My dog Cash stared hopefully at the treat jar.† They reject the notion that hopefully can also be used to introduce a sentence with the sense of â€Å"I hope† or â€Å"it is to be hoped,† as in this sentence: â€Å"Hopefully, the new millage will pass, and we can expand the library.† English speakers have been using hopefully as a sentence adverb for eighty years at least- possibly longer. â€Å"Careful writers† may continue to avoid its use as they wish, but ridiculing its use by others is bad form. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Epidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Nitrogen Recovery in WasteWater Treatment Term Paper

Nitrogen Recovery in WasteWater Treatment - Term Paper Example Nitrogen in domestic wastewater consists of approximately 60 to 70 percent ammonia?nitrogen and 30 to 40 percent organic nitrogen (Tchobanoglous et al. 2003; Crites and Tchobanoglous 1998). Environmental Effects Health Effects from Drinking Groundwater Contaminated with Nitrates- Human health concerns from nitrates in groundwater used as a drinking water source primarily focus on methemoglobinemia, however some studies suggest that nitrates may increase the risk of birth defects and development of certain cancers in adults. Surface Water Pollution with Nitrogen- The harmful effects of eutrophication due to excessive nitrogen concentrations in the aquatic environment have been well documented. Algae and phytoplankton growth can be accelerated by higher concentrations of nutrients, leading to harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and loss of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). In addition to stimulating eutrophication, nitrogen in the form of ammonia can exert a direct demand on dissolved oxy gen (DO) and can be toxic to aquatic life. Even if a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) converts ammonia to nitrate by a biological nitrification process, the resultant nitrate can stimulate algae and phytoplankton growth. Removal of nitrogen from wastewater is a complex process, even for large wastewater treatment plants. Quality control of nitrogen removal processes from individual onsite wastewater systems is even more difficult to manage. Most of the nitrogen is released as nitrate (NO3-), which is highly mobile in the soil water. Wastewater treatment has generally been defined as containing one or more of the following four processes: (1) preliminary, (2) primary, (3) secondary, and (4) advanced (or tertiary) treatment. Preliminary treatment consists of grit removal, which removes dense inert particles, and screening to remove rags and other large debris. Primary treatment involves gravity settling tanks to remove settleable solids, including settleable organic solids. The perfo rmance of primary settling tanks can be enhanced by adding chemicals to capture and flocculate smaller solid particles for the precipitation and removal of phosphorus. Secondary treatment follows primary treatment in most plants and employs biological processes to remove colloidal and soluble organic matter. EPA classifies advanced treatment as â€Å"a level of treatment that is more stringent than secondary or produces a significant reduction in conventional, non?conventional, or toxic pollutants present in the wastewater† (U.S. Public Health Service and USEPA 2008). Effluent filtration and nutrient removal are the most common advanced treatment processes. Nitrogen Removal Processes The biological removal of nitrogen is carried out through a three-step process: (1) the conversion of ammonia from organic nitrogen by hydrolysis and microbial activities, called ammonification; (2) the aerobic conversion of ammonia to nitrate by reacting the ammonia with oxygen in a process call ed nitrification; and (3) the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas by reacting the nitrate with organic carbon under anoxic conditions in a process called denitrification. The nitrification process is accompanied by the destruction of alkalinity (e.g., bicarbonate, HCO3-, is neutralized to carbonic acid, H2CO3). Alkalinity is recovered as part of the denitrification process with the generation of hydroxide. The chemical equations involved in the biological conversion of nitrogen are as follows: 1. Formation of ammonia fro

Essay on a religious leader - Abu Hanifa Annotated Bibliography

Essay on a religious leader - Abu Hanifa - Annotated Bibliography Example When Hanifa was growing up, the people around him were being oppressed by the rule of Abdul Malik bin Marwan. At this time also, Al-Hajjaa ibn Yusuf was the governor of Iraq. Yusuf was a staunch follower of Abdul. Amazingly, these issues did not affect Hanifa in any way. He never pursued any elementary education, instead choosing to be a businessman just like his ancestors. . His earliest business was a silk waving shop. Here, his fairness and honesty were exhibited. Hajjaj and Abdul died in 95AH and AH respectively, and this marked the start of fair rule in the area (. Good administration and justice prevailed in the land unlike in previous regimes. The new ruler, Umar encouraged and promoted education all over the land. He was so passionate about education such that every homestead was a Madrassah. As a result of this, Abu Hanifa started taking an interest in education (Khan 67). His quest for education was boosted by the advice of as-Sha’bi, a respected scholar in Kufa. His keen interest in education would later have a profound effect on Islam. Madrassahs were Hanifa’s earliest source of education. Through this, Hanifa was able to learn about the Quran and Hadith. A jurist in kufa called Hammad assisted Hanifa greatly in his quest for Islamic studies (Umar-ali-qadri 42). Hanifa performed very well in his studies. Abu Hanifa declined a post in 763 by al-Mansur to be the Chief Judge. Hanifa wanted to remain independent. However, his students benefitted from his tutelage. One of them, Abu Yusuf was instead appointed the Chief Judge of the State instead of him. When declining the post, he asserted that he was not fit for the post, a fact that illustrates his humility. Mansur was incensed by his decision to refuse his appointment (Sachedina & Esposito 176). He branded him a liar, but Hanifa responded to this by asking him that if he was indeed a liar,